101 Architectural Movements
Which comes first, the movement or the manifesto? From Arts and Crafts to eco-design, a 7-step guide to design movements.
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Manifesto Destiny
There is a pivotal point at which an idea becomes a conversation, a conversation turns into a conspiracy, and a conspiracy foments a movement.
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The Arts and Crafts Movement
Manifesto: William Morris, “The Lesser Arts of Life” (1877)
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The Futurist Movement
Manifesto: F.T. Marinetti, “The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism” (1909)
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The Modern Movement
Manifestos: Le Corbusier, “Towards a New Architecture” (1923) Walter Gropius, “The Theory and Organization of the Bauhaus” (1923)
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The Postmodern Movement
Manifesto: Robert Venturi, “Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture” (1966)
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The New Urbanism Movement
Manifestos: Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961), Congress for the New Urbanism, “Charter of the New Urbanism” (1993)
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The Deconstructivism and Digital Design Movements
Manifesto: Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley, “Deconstructivist Architecture” (1988)
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The Eco-Design Movement
Manifesto: Bruce Sterling, “Viridian Design Speech” (1998)














